September 24, 2004
Walks or Hits
In a comment to this post on Ichiro, a reader writes:
While it's obvious that a higher on base percentage is always a good thing it does not follow that if Ichiro walked more he would have a higher on base percentage. The assumption that it is possible to simply turn outs into walks simply through greater pitch selection is faulty. Along the way he'll also turn some hits into walks, and worse, some hits into outs. Stats are a great way of evaluating the value players produce but I don't think they act as very good prescriptions. If Vlad Guerrero was more selective at the plate he would have more walks but he also have less hits, homeruns etc.
I think there is a common misperception here of what selectivity at the plate means. First of all, Vlad highest walk total was in 2002, which was also his highest hit total. Secondly, the value of becoming more selective is best seen in Sammy Sosa, who made the unusual move of changing his approach at the plate mid-career.
Look at Sosa pre-1998 and since. Increased selectivity improved every aspect of his game. And it could do the same for Ichiro.
My favorite exhibit at the Hall of Fame is Ted Williams' model of the strikezone. It different colored baseballs attached to a board. The colors form rectangular zones. On each ball is written a batting average, which Williams claimed was his batting average when the ball was in that area of the strike zone. His BA was very high on pitches in the middle of the zone, and very low the farther you got outside of the zone. While the numbers may change, I believe this model is true for all batters, including Ichiro.
Ichiro has a unique ability to adjust his swing once he's committed, so he does a very good job of putting balls outside the strikezone in play. But his BA has to be lower on those pitches. There is no downside to not swinging at those pitches, since not swinging makes the count more favorable to the batter. By not swinging at those pitches, Ichiro will increase the number of pitches over the heart of the plate, where I suspect his batting average is very high. His walks will go up, and his batting average will go up, because he's swinging at higher percentage pitches. I also suspect his power will go up, since it's easier to hit pitches in the strikezone hard.
Again, look at Sosa's career. He layed off pitches outside of the strikezone. Pitchers were forced to throw over the plate, and Sammy creamed them. Ichiro would likely do the same.
Update: Nate Silver has a related article at BP.
Posted by David Pinto at
09:49 AM
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David, I have nothing to base this on but my gut, but I think Ichiro might be the exception to that rule. He seems to thrrive when acting as the flipper in a big pinball machine. I can't imagine a guy who is running away from the baseball as he swings, ever really creaming the ball.
Makes me wonder about the BB totals for people who've hit .400
I love that exhibit too...
...To me, selectivity means knowing what pitches you can hit and which ones you can't, and then being patient enough to only swing at the ones you can hit well. In my mind, even though Ichiro's walk total is low, he IS being selective, because he knows what he can it.
Bonds and Ted Williams are selective in the more traditional sense, Ichiro and Vlad are selective in their own way. I think the best model for most batters is the Bonds/Williams approach, but if you have the eye-hand coordination that Ichiro and Vlad have, more power to you.
Year Player Avg. Hits Walks
1920 Sisler .407 257 46
1922 Sisler .420 246 49
1922 Cobb .401 211 55
1941 Williams .406 185 145
2004 Ichiro .374 247 46
I think it's fair to say that Ichiro resembles Cobb and Sisler a bit more than the Splendid Splintsicle, even though both Cobb and Sisler showed more power than Ichiro does. [What's even more incredible about the 1941 Williams is that he had only 27 strikeouts. Crazy!]
The thing about pitch selectivity is that it is difficult, and rare, for a player to learn it later in their career. Sosa is unusual in this regard, and probably should be held up as the exception rather than an example of how a player might improve himself. Ichiro's poor start this year may be reflective of this difficulty.
I think with Ichiro, he may simply see a larger strike zone, and have the skill set to hit the ball according to it (imagine William's color-zone comprised of softballs, rather than baseballs). But when he tries to discern balls and strikes according to the actual zone, he may not have the right eye for it; perhaps he can hit it outside the zone, but can't tell whether or not it's a strike.
bottom line is that Ichiro is a great hitter. Our ability to parse his success is a luxury.
And although Ichiro has 162 games to break the record - noone has done it yet and that is impressive.
As Nate Silver's article shows, Ichiro is a statistical anomaly in that he has both a high percentage of PA resulting in Ball in play as well as a high batting average on those balls in play. He is already near the top of the list of high BA in BIP, so it is hard to imagine that his being more selective would help his BA.
The argument, of course, is that if he were more selective, he would be able to hit for more power. There is some myth that Ichiro can hit for power if he wants to, but this has never really been shown. However, it has also been observed that Ichiro seems to employ a variety of different swings. I have watched many mariners games, and when Ichiro does hit a home run (rarely), he employs a snap uppercut swing that is different from his usual swings. However, he doesn't always hit a home run when he uses that swing. And it's pretty rare that he uses that swing in the first place. As has been pointed out before, Ichiro has a certain mindset (get a hit even if it's only a single) and is very good at that. If you take that mindset away from him and ask him to be more selective and hit for more power, you are assuming he has the ability to do that, which has not been demonstrated. (but then I haven't really researched it in depth.) I don't think Sammy Sosa is a fair comparison for a myriad of reasons. Firstly, as someone in the comments has pointed out, he is the exception rather than the rule. He is statistically insignificant. You can probably find a player whose game got better when he had a decrease in walks. Really, Dave, when you say Ichiro would be better than he is if he were more selective, you are trying to fit Ichiro onto that general curve in that graph Nate Silver has in his article. However, Ichiro is already the bizarre spot on that curve. Secondly, Sosa is a high power high strkeout player, which Ichiro does not seem to be. Even when Ichiro swings for the fences, he has a less chance of missing, and probably can't hit a home run as consistently as Sosa could. If you want to know if Ichiro can really be a better player if he were more patient, then a study needs to be done considering all the times he has gone up to the plate with the mentality to swing for the fences (perhaps finding all the instances he uses that swing), calculate the amount of times he swings and misses, the amount of times he hits a homerun/XBH, and the amount of times he hits a lazy fly ball -- and then graph these statastics in comparison to other players and see where he fits.. Is he more like Barry Bonds or Shane Spencer?
Anyway, looking at Ichiro's Japanese stats, there are a couple of years where he hit significantly more home runs than usual. One of those years being the year right after he set the Japanese hits record. With his overconfident, competitive, and oddly arrogant demeaner, it is quite possible Ichiro will want to prove that he can hit home runs next season if he breaks the hits record this season. I would be very interested in how he hits next season if he does indeed break the hits record this one.