Baseball Musings
Baseball Musings
November 24, 2006
Probabilistic Model of Range, Rightfielders, 2006

It seems every year I run the PMR for rightfielders I encounter the same problem, and it has to do with Ichiro Suzuki:

Probabilistic Model of Range, Rightfielders. Model is Based on 2006 Data Only. Minimum 1000 Balls in Play. Uses Velocity for Fly Balls.
Player In Play Actual Outs Predicted Outs DER Predicted DER Difference
Reggie Sanders 1942 170 150.73 0.088 0.078 0.00992
Carlos J Quentin 1156 96 85.83 0.083 0.074 0.00879
Casey Blake 2586 210 191.62 0.081 0.074 0.00711
Damon J Hollins 1440 134 124.64 0.093 0.087 0.00650
Mark DeRosa 1654 125 115.00 0.076 0.070 0.00605
Kevin Mench 1541 112 102.93 0.073 0.067 0.00588
Ryan Freel 1122 101 94.94 0.090 0.085 0.00540
Jose Guillen 1774 164 154.51 0.092 0.087 0.00535
Jay Gibbons 1107 97 91.66 0.088 0.083 0.00482
J.D. Drew 3472 284 267.61 0.082 0.077 0.00472
Alex I Rios 2862 218 205.27 0.076 0.072 0.00445
Juan Encarnacion 3085 219 208.81 0.071 0.068 0.00330
Vladimir Guerrero 3258 253 243.64 0.078 0.075 0.00287
Emil Brown 1349 110 106.51 0.082 0.079 0.00259
Jacque Jones 3476 275 266.55 0.079 0.077 0.00243
Austin Kearns 3928 346 337.89 0.088 0.086 0.00206
Moises Alou 2026 154 150.84 0.076 0.074 0.00156
Russell Branyan 1163 87 86.07 0.075 0.074 0.00080
Bobby Abreu 4047 293 292.60 0.072 0.072 0.00010
Trot Nixon 2700 212 211.95 0.079 0.079 0.00002
Joe Borchard 1060 84 84.06 0.079 0.079 -0.00006
Jeff B Francoeur 4434 317 317.93 0.071 0.072 -0.00021
Brad B Hawpe 3769 280 281.06 0.074 0.075 -0.00028
Jay Payton 1173 89 89.42 0.076 0.076 -0.00036
Ichiro Suzuki 3252 250 251.21 0.077 0.077 -0.00037
Shawn Green 3393 220 222.29 0.065 0.066 -0.00068
Jason Lane 2049 155 156.74 0.076 0.076 -0.00085
Randy Winn 1996 184 185.72 0.092 0.093 -0.00086
Milton Bradley 2518 191 194.41 0.076 0.077 -0.00136
Jermaine Dye 3915 305 310.61 0.078 0.079 -0.00143
Nick Markakis 2843 240 244.33 0.084 0.086 -0.00152
Geoff Jenkins 3333 247 254.04 0.074 0.076 -0.00211
Michael Cuddyer 3637 245 259.18 0.067 0.071 -0.00390
Jeromy Burnitz 1988 120 128.64 0.060 0.065 -0.00435
Bernie Williams 1347 98 104.01 0.073 0.077 -0.00446
Jeremy R Hermida 2003 157 166.44 0.078 0.083 -0.00471
Xavier Nady 2560 187 202.29 0.073 0.079 -0.00597
Magglio Ordonez 3893 258 281.26 0.066 0.072 -0.00598
Brian Giles 4169 298 332.48 0.071 0.080 -0.00827

That's right, Ichiro is very slightly negative (actually, I'd call him neutral). But people who watch him disagree with this finding. He ranks at the top in centerfield, indicating he can chase down balls.

My belief is that Ichiro plays deep in rightfield to take away the long hits. He's making a tradeoff between catching balls that might go as doubles, triples or home runs and giving up short singles that a fielder playing at normal depth levels would catch. When he goes to center, he plays more conservatively there since he's not used to the position, but in right he takes chances.

One suggestion over the time I've presented this data is to use the actual distance of balls rather than the velocity of the ball as a parameter for outfielders. I've always felt velocity was a pretty good proxy for distance, and it allowed me to have the same model for infielders and outfielders. But I thought of a way to incorporate the distance without changing the model. I simply divide the distance by 100, except on ground balls and low line drives. Basically, on balls that infielder have a chance to field, use velocity. On balls that are too high for them to field, use distance. Here's a table using a model that mixes the two.

Probabilistic Model of Range, Rightfielders. Model is Based on 2006 Data Only. Minimum 1000 Balls in Play. Uses Distance for Fly Balls.
Player In Play Actual Outs Predicted Outs DER Predicted DER Difference
Ryan Freel 1122 101 92.89 0.090 0.083 0.00723
Carlos J Quentin 1156 96 87.98 0.083 0.076 0.00694
Damon J Hollins 1440 134 125.21 0.093 0.087 0.00610
Jay Payton 1173 89 82.55 0.076 0.070 0.00550
Juan Encarnacion 3085 219 206.96 0.071 0.067 0.00390
Jose Guillen 1774 164 157.88 0.092 0.089 0.00345
Moises Alou 2026 154 147.83 0.076 0.073 0.00305
Reggie Sanders 1942 170 164.27 0.088 0.085 0.00295
Ichiro Suzuki 3252 250 241.19 0.077 0.074 0.00271
Mark DeRosa 1654 125 120.88 0.076 0.073 0.00249
Alex I Rios 2862 218 210.94 0.076 0.074 0.00247
Jacque Jones 3476 275 266.89 0.079 0.077 0.00233
J.D. Drew 3472 284 276.20 0.082 0.080 0.00225
Joe Borchard 1060 84 81.92 0.079 0.077 0.00196
Emil Brown 1349 110 108.41 0.082 0.080 0.00118
Randy Winn 1996 184 181.86 0.092 0.091 0.00107
Vladimir Guerrero 3258 253 249.59 0.078 0.077 0.00105
Austin Kearns 3928 346 342.73 0.088 0.087 0.00083
Casey Blake 2586 210 208.24 0.081 0.081 0.00068
Geoff Jenkins 3333 247 245.22 0.074 0.074 0.00054
Milton Bradley 2518 191 190.14 0.076 0.076 0.00034
Bobby Abreu 4047 293 292.75 0.072 0.072 0.00006
Jermaine Dye 3915 305 305.35 0.078 0.078 -0.00009
Nick Markakis 2843 240 240.60 0.084 0.085 -0.00021
Jeff B Francoeur 4434 317 318.59 0.071 0.072 -0.00036
Brad B Hawpe 3769 280 281.37 0.074 0.075 -0.00036
Trot Nixon 2700 212 214.27 0.079 0.079 -0.00084
Jason Lane 2049 155 157.68 0.076 0.077 -0.00131
Russell Branyan 1163 87 88.64 0.075 0.076 -0.00141
Jeremy R Hermida 2003 157 160.05 0.078 0.080 -0.00152
Michael Cuddyer 3637 245 251.88 0.067 0.069 -0.00189
Xavier Nady 2560 187 191.96 0.073 0.075 -0.00194
Shawn Green 3393 220 226.92 0.065 0.067 -0.00204
Magglio Ordonez 3893 258 268.74 0.066 0.069 -0.00276
Jay Gibbons 1107 97 100.99 0.088 0.091 -0.00361
Kevin Mench 1541 112 119.34 0.073 0.077 -0.00476
Brian Giles 4169 298 318.55 0.071 0.076 -0.00493
Bernie Williams 1347 98 104.84 0.073 0.078 -0.00508
Jeromy Burnitz 1988 120 137.33 0.060 0.069 -0.00872

As you can see, Ichiro moves up the rankings. I'd be curious to know what people think of each of these methods. Does one ranking strike you as more correct that the other?


Comments

Looking at Encarnacion and Sanders, whom I am most familiar with (with the caveat that I'm familiar with Sanders circa 2005 on the Cardinals) the second table makes seems more accurate to me.

Some other NL Central RFs that I see alot, I think Ryan Freel could quite possibly be the best RF and Geoff Jenkins probably isn't as bad as the first model or as good as the second.

Posted by: az at November 24, 2006 11:29 PM

I'm inclined to prefer the second method as I would have a bias toward the methodology that would consider more data. It strikes me that, if anything, knowing distance would be more important and easier to track than velocity.
On another note, I would appreciate it if you would post Wily Mo Pena's numbers for 2006. I'm curious if the numbers continue to support the notion that he plays better in center than in right (subjectively that is what I see). Thanks.

Posted by: Phil at November 25, 2006 12:44 AM

John, it would be interesting if you made another chart of the differences of the two charts. This way we could see who moved up and down with the different formula. I noticed that Russell Branyan moved up quite a bit on the 2nd formula, too. I never really thought of him as a decent fielder at any position, but I could be wrong on that. Anyone have an opinion of his fielding in RF?

Posted by: sabernar at November 25, 2006 06:45 AM

By the velocity model:
Pena is CF: -0.00312
Pena in RF: -0.00483

By the distance model.
Pena in CF: -0.00211
Pena in RF: -0.00653

Yes, he plays better in center, but I wouldn't call him good.

Posted by: David Pinto at November 25, 2006 09:06 AM

I like the second system better for one reason: it dislikes Shawn Green's defense more than the first system. As a big Mets fan who had to avert my eyes whenever the ball was hit to the right side of Carlos Beltran, I am confident that Green is the slowest outfielder I've ever seen. I know that the purpose of Sabermetrics is to downgrade the analytical weight accorded to first-person impressions, but I'm fairly confident in this one.

Posted by: Jon at November 25, 2006 11:54 AM

I'd also prefer the second model. From the games I watched this year, it seems to concur with what my eyes told me more accurately than the velocity based one. It passes the sniff test.

Posted by: Ryan Armbrust at November 25, 2006 12:03 PM

The second model made much more sense Bernie Williams was flat out attrocious this year in RF, there's no way he could be better than anyone except Jeromy Burnitez.

Also, Jacque Jones is pretty bad out there too, so the first model's high ranking of him just don't make much sense.

Posted by: ROllingWave at November 25, 2006 08:47 PM

I agree that the second model makes more sense, but I base this purely on observing Jay Gibbons play RF. The second system rates him dramatically below his replacement, Nick Markakis, and seems to honor everyone in Baltimore's impression that Gibbons, while a standup guy, moves like a tree in RF.

Posted by: chris at November 25, 2006 09:35 PM

well assuming your hypothesis is correct, the next step is to find out whether some "outs" are worth more than others. saving a double is more valuable than saving a single, but at what cost? it's the defensive equivalent of obp vs. slug. Defenders might also be compelled to position themselves differently based on the score/runners on base/etc. Since even just five more caught balls make a significant difference in these models, it's difficult to just "give away" an out, but playing shallow in order to try to make a play on a winning run in the 9th, or the opposite and playing deep to prevent a double, these must happen to players at least a few times over the course of a season, and that would make quite a difference to these rankings. Perhaps the argument is that it pretty much averages out for everyone, but I think you'd still need to show that then.

Posted by: andy at November 25, 2006 10:20 PM

Very interesting to see Mench move from one of the better RF's with the first method all the way down to the bottom with the 2nd one.

Posted by: Evan at November 25, 2006 10:50 PM

Also, Jacque Jones is pretty bad out there too, so the first model's high ranking of him just don't make much sense.

Actually...not really.

Jones has very good range and tracks a lot of balls down. His major weakness is his pathetic arm. But in terms of range, he has been quite good.

Posted by: dave at November 26, 2006 01:06 PM

i didnt even know jose guillen played this year.

Posted by: tony at November 26, 2006 06:41 PM

I agree that I find it hard to believe that Gibbons outranks Markakis.

Though I've only seen Markakis and Abreu play a single time, I'm surprised that both are ranked so low. Both seemed to get a measure on the ball right off the bat and have a good sense where to play the ball on a carom if it was out of their range.

Posted by: soccer dad at November 26, 2006 08:31 PM

There's no question that distance travelled is an absolute requirement, and I would not believe that "hardness of hit" ball can even be close to a proxy.

You also don't want "distance/100", unless you take the absolute value from the normal position. That is, if a corner OF plays 275 feet from home plate, then you need to take the absolute difference from 275 feet.

I would also combine the distance ball travelled and zone, since all you care about is how many feet the fielder has to run, and how long does it take him to run that distance.

While keeping the same model for IF and OF may be nice, it's hardly an overriding goal.

In short, scrap it, in favor of two models.

And, of course, you need to track XBH as well, since a guy who positions deep is purposely doing that tradeoff.

You *may* have similar issues with 3B.

Posted by: tangotiger at November 27, 2006 02:15 PM
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