November 23, 2008
Probabilistic Model of Range, 2008, Defense Behind Pitchers
As we know, a pitcher's ERA can be influenced by the defense behind him. This posts explores which pitchers were helped or hurt by their defenses based on how well fielders turned balls in play into outs based on how difficult they were off the bat.
Team PMR, 2008, Defense Behind Pitchers, Visit Smooth Distance Model, 2008 data only
| Pitcher | Team | In Play | Actual Outs | Predicted Outs | DER | Predicted DER | Ratio |
| Chien-Ming Wang | NYY | 306 | 215 | 200.92 | 0.703 | 0.657 | 107.01 |
| Daisuke Matsuzaka | Bos | 449 | 327 | 306.07 | 0.728 | 0.682 | 106.84 |
| Jesse Litsch | Tor | 569 | 407 | 382.14 | 0.715 | 0.672 | 106.51 |
| Tim Wakefield | Bos | 539 | 405 | 382.33 | 0.751 | 0.709 | 105.93 |
| Ryan Rowland-Smith | Sea | 366 | 262 | 249.06 | 0.716 | 0.680 | 105.20 |
| Justin Duchscherer | Oak | 409 | 308 | 292.97 | 0.753 | 0.716 | 105.13 |
| CC Sabathia | Cle | 334 | 228 | 217.23 | 0.683 | 0.650 | 104.96 |
| Tim Hudson | Atl | 435 | 317 | 302.69 | 0.729 | 0.696 | 104.73 |
| Scott Kazmir | TB | 378 | 277 | 264.57 | 0.733 | 0.700 | 104.70 |
| Roy Oswalt | Hou | 617 | 436 | 416.75 | 0.707 | 0.675 | 104.62 |
| Jeremy Sowers | Cle | 409 | 279 | 266.73 | 0.682 | 0.652 | 104.60 |
| CC Sabathia | Mil | 353 | 246 | 235.49 | 0.697 | 0.667 | 104.46 |
| Armando Galarraga | Det | 525 | 391 | 375.29 | 0.745 | 0.715 | 104.19 |
| Greg Smith | Oak | 578 | 423 | 406.63 | 0.732 | 0.704 | 104.03 |
| John Lackey | LAA | 469 | 329 | 316.59 | 0.701 | 0.675 | 103.92 |
| Kyle Kendrick | Phi | 560 | 380 | 365.69 | 0.679 | 0.653 | 103.91 |
| Glen Perkins | Min | 520 | 357 | 343.77 | 0.687 | 0.661 | 103.85 |
| Ryan Dempster | ChC | 572 | 406 | 391.16 | 0.710 | 0.684 | 103.80 |
| Shaun Marcum | Tor | 427 | 317 | 305.52 | 0.742 | 0.716 | 103.76 |
| Paul Byrd | Cle | 446 | 319 | 307.48 | 0.715 | 0.689 | 103.75 |
| Brian Moehler | Hou | 509 | 356 | 343.33 | 0.699 | 0.675 | 103.69 |
| R.A. Dickey | Sea | 374 | 263 | 253.88 | 0.703 | 0.679 | 103.59 |
| Joe Saunders | LAA | 623 | 445 | 429.72 | 0.714 | 0.690 | 103.56 |
| Dustin McGowan | Tor | 337 | 228 | 220.26 | 0.677 | 0.654 | 103.51 |
| Adam Wainwright | StL | 404 | 289 | 279.63 | 0.715 | 0.692 | 103.35 |
| Josh Beckett | Bos | 492 | 333 | 322.69 | 0.677 | 0.656 | 103.19 |
| Jorge Campillo | Atl | 490 | 347 | 336.39 | 0.708 | 0.687 | 103.16 |
| Ben Sheets | Mil | 589 | 417 | 404.45 | 0.708 | 0.687 | 103.10 |
| John Lannan | Was | 560 | 401 | 389.21 | 0.716 | 0.695 | 103.03 |
| Zach Miner | Det | 385 | 276 | 268.08 | 0.717 | 0.696 | 102.95 |
| Kevin Slowey | Min | 480 | 340 | 330.37 | 0.708 | 0.688 | 102.92 |
| Vicente Padilla | Tex | 524 | 356 | 345.93 | 0.679 | 0.660 | 102.91 |
| Jake Peavy | SD | 459 | 331 | 322.53 | 0.721 | 0.703 | 102.63 |
| Jeremy Guthrie | Bal | 587 | 428 | 417.45 | 0.729 | 0.711 | 102.53 |
| Cole Hamels | Phi | 635 | 464 | 453.13 | 0.731 | 0.714 | 102.40 |
| David Bush | Mil | 567 | 422 | 413.33 | 0.744 | 0.729 | 102.10 |
| Paul Maholm | Pit | 621 | 437 | 428.22 | 0.704 | 0.690 | 102.05 |
| Jeff Francis | Col | 469 | 321 | 314.83 | 0.684 | 0.671 | 101.96 |
| John Danks | CWS | 569 | 396 | 388.39 | 0.696 | 0.683 | 101.96 |
| Scott Baker | Min | 497 | 354 | 347.21 | 0.712 | 0.699 | 101.96 |
| Roy Halladay | Tor | 713 | 501 | 491.48 | 0.703 | 0.689 | 101.94 |
| Matt Garza | TB | 560 | 399 | 391.43 | 0.712 | 0.699 | 101.93 |
| Micah Owings | Ari | 312 | 220 | 215.84 | 0.705 | 0.692 | 101.93 |
| Johan Santana | NYM | 668 | 476 | 467.22 | 0.713 | 0.699 | 101.88 |
| Scott Feldman | Tex | 488 | 344 | 337.73 | 0.705 | 0.692 | 101.86 |
| Oliver Perez | NYM | 527 | 380 | 373.11 | 0.721 | 0.708 | 101.85 |
| Derek Lowe | LAD | 644 | 453 | 444.85 | 0.703 | 0.691 | 101.83 |
| Scott Olsen | Fla | 640 | 463 | 454.69 | 0.723 | 0.710 | 101.83 |
| Felix Hernandez | Sea | 577 | 391 | 384.12 | 0.678 | 0.666 | 101.79 |
| Doug Davis | Ari | 457 | 303 | 298.15 | 0.663 | 0.652 | 101.63 |
| Edwin Jackson | TB | 582 | 401 | 394.74 | 0.689 | 0.678 | 101.59 |
| Dan Haren | Ari | 610 | 421 | 414.60 | 0.690 | 0.680 | 101.54 |
| Aaron Cook | Col | 725 | 489 | 481.78 | 0.674 | 0.665 | 101.50 |
| Kyle Lohse | StL | 650 | 453 | 446.33 | 0.697 | 0.687 | 101.49 |
| Jeff Suppan | Mil | 589 | 407 | 401.18 | 0.691 | 0.681 | 101.45 |
| Hiroki Kuroda | LAD | 598 | 418 | 412.03 | 0.699 | 0.689 | 101.45 |
| Dana Eveland | Oak | 519 | 351 | 346.09 | 0.676 | 0.667 | 101.42 |
| Jered Weaver | LAA | 513 | 355 | 350.05 | 0.692 | 0.682 | 101.41 |
| Todd Wellemeyer | StL | 579 | 419 | 413.37 | 0.724 | 0.714 | 101.36 |
| Carlos Zambrano | ChC | 570 | 404 | 398.66 | 0.709 | 0.699 | 101.34 |
| Jamie Moyer | Phi | 625 | 437 | 431.36 | 0.699 | 0.690 | 101.31 |
| Jon Garland | LAA | 684 | 462 | 456.10 | 0.675 | 0.667 | 101.29 |
| Braden Looper | StL | 653 | 453 | 447.51 | 0.694 | 0.685 | 101.23 |
| Miguel Batista | Sea | 379 | 257 | 254.22 | 0.678 | 0.671 | 101.09 |
| Jair Jurrjens | Atl | 589 | 401 | 397.07 | 0.681 | 0.674 | 100.99 |
| Matt Cain | SF | 630 | 436 | 431.93 | 0.692 | 0.686 | 100.94 |
| Kevin Correia | SF | 382 | 248 | 245.75 | 0.649 | 0.643 | 100.91 |
| Gavin Floyd | CWS | 625 | 450 | 446.51 | 0.720 | 0.714 | 100.78 |
| Javier Vazquez | CWS | 598 | 405 | 401.92 | 0.677 | 0.672 | 100.77 |
| Tim Lincecum | SF | 562 | 385 | 382.12 | 0.685 | 0.680 | 100.75 |
| Jason Marquis | ChC | 554 | 390 | 387.25 | 0.704 | 0.699 | 100.71 |
| Aaron Harang | Cin | 552 | 379 | 376.37 | 0.687 | 0.682 | 100.70 |
| Jose Contreras | CWS | 402 | 280 | 278.09 | 0.697 | 0.692 | 100.69 |
| Johnny Cueto | Cin | 500 | 344 | 341.79 | 0.688 | 0.684 | 100.65 |
| Joel Pineiro | StL | 505 | 342 | 339.90 | 0.677 | 0.673 | 100.62 |
| Brad Penny | LAD | 311 | 212 | 211.06 | 0.682 | 0.679 | 100.45 |
| Jon Lester | Bos | 632 | 438 | 436.20 | 0.693 | 0.690 | 100.41 |
| Boof Bonser | Min | 382 | 249 | 248.24 | 0.652 | 0.650 | 100.31 |
| Greg Maddux | SD | 511 | 360 | 359.16 | 0.705 | 0.703 | 100.23 |
| Aaron Laffey | Cle | 316 | 217 | 216.67 | 0.687 | 0.686 | 100.15 |
| Manny Parra | Mil | 499 | 322 | 321.73 | 0.645 | 0.645 | 100.08 |
| Gil Meche | KC | 611 | 420 | 419.79 | 0.687 | 0.687 | 100.05 |
| Mike Mussina | NYY | 613 | 409 | 409.01 | 0.667 | 0.667 | 100.00 |
| Jarrod Washburn | Sea | 512 | 350 | 350.13 | 0.684 | 0.684 | 99.96 |
| Chad Billingsley | LAD | 556 | 370 | 370.36 | 0.665 | 0.666 | 99.90 |
| Cliff Lee | Cle | 670 | 462 | 462.50 | 0.690 | 0.690 | 99.89 |
| Zack Greinke | KC | 587 | 399 | 399.62 | 0.680 | 0.681 | 99.84 |
| Ted Lilly | ChC | 574 | 412 | 412.67 | 0.718 | 0.719 | 99.84 |
| Tim Redding | Was | 572 | 397 | 397.98 | 0.694 | 0.696 | 99.75 |
| Wandy Rodriguez | Hou | 393 | 266 | 266.71 | 0.677 | 0.679 | 99.74 |
| Andy Sonnanstine | TB | 632 | 432 | 433.24 | 0.684 | 0.686 | 99.71 |
| Chris Sampson | Hou | 383 | 267 | 267.83 | 0.697 | 0.699 | 99.69 |
| Daniel Cabrera | Bal | 594 | 409 | 410.64 | 0.689 | 0.691 | 99.60 |
| Bronson Arroyo | Cin | 605 | 408 | 409.76 | 0.674 | 0.677 | 99.57 |
| Joe Blanton | Oak | 440 | 303 | 304.31 | 0.689 | 0.692 | 99.57 |
| Jason Bergmann | Was | 445 | 310 | 311.45 | 0.697 | 0.700 | 99.53 |
| Brandon Webb | Ari | 671 | 458 | 460.45 | 0.683 | 0.686 | 99.47 |
| Ervin Santana | LAA | 605 | 422 | 424.34 | 0.698 | 0.701 | 99.45 |
| Zach Duke | Pit | 669 | 445 | 447.62 | 0.665 | 0.669 | 99.42 |
| Kenny Rogers | Det | 598 | 400 | 402.42 | 0.669 | 0.673 | 99.40 |
| Ubaldo Jimenez | Col | 572 | 395 | 397.49 | 0.691 | 0.695 | 99.37 |
| Carlos Silva | Sea | 564 | 365 | 367.36 | 0.647 | 0.651 | 99.36 |
| Nate Robertson | Det | 563 | 365 | 367.59 | 0.648 | 0.653 | 99.30 |
| Jo-Jo Reyes | Atl | 361 | 241 | 242.79 | 0.668 | 0.673 | 99.26 |
| Clayton Kershaw | LAD | 306 | 204 | 205.65 | 0.667 | 0.672 | 99.20 |
| Ricky Nolasco | Fla | 606 | 432 | 435.96 | 0.713 | 0.719 | 99.09 |
| James Shields | TB | 641 | 448 | 452.73 | 0.699 | 0.706 | 98.96 |
| Justin Verlander | Det | 598 | 415 | 419.47 | 0.694 | 0.701 | 98.93 |
| Mike Pelfrey | NYM | 652 | 446 | 450.98 | 0.684 | 0.692 | 98.89 |
| Randy Johnson | Ari | 531 | 359 | 363.22 | 0.676 | 0.684 | 98.84 |
| Kyle Davies | KC | 361 | 248 | 251.20 | 0.687 | 0.696 | 98.73 |
| Edinson Volquez | Cin | 511 | 350 | 354.63 | 0.685 | 0.694 | 98.69 |
| Nick Blackburn | Min | 658 | 445 | 451.38 | 0.676 | 0.686 | 98.59 |
| John Maine | NYM | 399 | 286 | 290.11 | 0.717 | 0.727 | 98.58 |
| Pedro Martinez | NYM | 337 | 225 | 228.38 | 0.668 | 0.678 | 98.52 |
| A.J. Burnett | Tor | 613 | 405 | 411.37 | 0.661 | 0.671 | 98.45 |
| Jorge de la Rosa | Col | 361 | 240 | 243.99 | 0.665 | 0.676 | 98.37 |
| Mark Hendrickson | Fla | 439 | 302 | 307.04 | 0.688 | 0.699 | 98.36 |
| Brian Burres | Bal | 460 | 309 | 314.46 | 0.672 | 0.684 | 98.26 |
| Kevin Millwood | Tex | 569 | 360 | 366.45 | 0.633 | 0.644 | 98.24 |
| Brian Bannister | KC | 603 | 408 | 415.51 | 0.677 | 0.689 | 98.19 |
| Luke Hochevar | KC | 430 | 291 | 297.11 | 0.677 | 0.691 | 97.94 |
| Randy Wolf | SD | 348 | 237 | 242.07 | 0.681 | 0.696 | 97.91 |
| Brandon Backe | Hou | 512 | 341 | 348.41 | 0.666 | 0.680 | 97.87 |
| Barry Zito | SF | 576 | 393 | 401.59 | 0.682 | 0.697 | 97.86 |
| Cha Seung Baek | SD | 353 | 238 | 243.40 | 0.674 | 0.690 | 97.78 |
| Brett Myers | Phi | 554 | 379 | 388.08 | 0.684 | 0.701 | 97.66 |
| Mark Buehrle | CWS | 699 | 466 | 477.66 | 0.667 | 0.683 | 97.56 |
| Odalis Perez | Was | 507 | 337 | 345.85 | 0.665 | 0.682 | 97.44 |
| Andrew Miller | Fla | 336 | 216 | 222.12 | 0.643 | 0.661 | 97.24 |
| Tom Gorzelanny | Pit | 332 | 225 | 231.65 | 0.678 | 0.698 | 97.13 |
| Jonathan Sanchez | SF | 442 | 297 | 306.08 | 0.672 | 0.692 | 97.03 |
| Livan Hernandez | Min | 525 | 339 | 349.78 | 0.646 | 0.666 | 96.92 |
| Garrett Olson | Bal | 451 | 295 | 304.47 | 0.654 | 0.675 | 96.89 |
| Carlos Villanueva | Mil | 320 | 220 | 228.02 | 0.688 | 0.713 | 96.48 |
| Ian Snell | Pit | 522 | 335 | 347.60 | 0.642 | 0.666 | 96.38 |
| Andy Pettitte | NYY | 641 | 420 | 439.26 | 0.655 | 0.685 | 95.62 |
| Darrell Rasner | NYY | 387 | 257 | 269.56 | 0.664 | 0.697 | 95.34 |
| Adam Eaton | Phi | 356 | 236 | 248.23 | 0.663 | 0.697 | 95.07 |
| Fausto Carmona | Cle | 405 | 273 | 288.06 | 0.674 | 0.711 | 94.77 |
Those are pretty impressive numbers for Daisuke Matsuzaka and Tim Wakefield. Not only were balls in play against them easy to field, the Red Sox did a great job of turning them into outs. For Yankees fans who are concerned about New York signing Andy Pettitte again, better defense would improve Andy's runs allowed a great deal. CC Sabathia certainly benefitted from good defense in both Cleveland and Milwaukee, so teams looking to sign him should be prepared to send their best fielders out behind the lefty.
Brian Bannister shows how important defense is to a low strikeout pitcher. His expected DER is low, and with the Royals doing a poor job fielding behind him, his actual DER was even lower. Bannister really needs to play for a team of defensive wizards.
It's weird that Wang, who is a ground ball pitcher is rated so high and Pettitte, who isn't so much a ground ball pitcher, is rated so low. They have the same defense behind them. How can there be such a huge disparity between the two? Does this system take into account the fact that some pitchers just get a much higher percentage of ground balls?
But Carmona, another ground ball pitcher, is dead last, and Derek Lowe is right in the middle. It's interesting that the Indians' defense did better than either Milwaukee's or Boston's behind Sabathia and Paul Byrd, while failing Carmona. Is it just the difference between outfield and infield defense? Yet the Indians' infielders ranked in the middle or higher in terms of range, except for first base. Hmmm.
PMR does take into account the difference between grounders and flies. But there's always been something weird about Wang; his ERA is much better than his WHIP or K/9 predict. Maybe this is just another facet: Wang grounders are easier to field?
How much does PMR take into account fielding independent factors like BBs and Ks? Watching the Yanks, Pettitte was getting hit hard. By contrast, Wang induces weak hit balls. It seems that factor is reliant on the pitcher and the best the defense can do is respond. Similarly, watching Wakefield and Matsuzaka when I have they both do a very good job of keeping hitters off-balance.
The more I think about this stats, the less I think it's about team defense. It seems, rather to represent, how well a *pitcher* pitches to that defense.
How much does PMR take into account fielding independent factors like BBs and Ks? Watching the Yanks, Pettitte was getting hit hard. By contrast, Wang induces weak hit balls. It seems that factor is reliant on the pitcher and the best the defense can do is respond. Similarly, watching Wakefield and Matsuzaka when I have they both do a very good job of keeping hitters off-balance.
The more I think about this stats, the less I think it's about team defense. It seems, rather to represent, how well a *pitcher* pitches to that defense.
Walks and strike outs have nothing to do with this stat. It's just fieldable balls in play.
David:
Did you run this data for prior years? It would be interesting to see how well this tracks for pitchers from year to year.
Mike,
Yes, look at the Probabilistic Model of Range category.
David
David:
Thanks. I didn't see 2006 - if you have those handy, could you post them or send them to me? Also, last year you posted Wang's breakdown by ball-in-play type; it might be instructive to do that again.
There is some year-to-year correlation between the predicted DER for the pitchers - CC Sabathia and Wang have both tended to be way down on predicted DER, for example, and Marcum and Maine pretty high - which I would expect, since predicted DER should be a function of the types of balls in play allowed (GB being harder to field, normally, than FB). There are also some differences (notably Kevin Correia). Looking at how these numbers trend - and year-to-year changes in them - might tell us something about the relationship between pitchers and the defense behind them.